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案(an)例一：豐田汽車(che)精(jing)細流程

從(cong)時間(jian)及空間(jian)上(shang)，重新規劃企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)運作流程，以(yi)提(ti)(ti)高客戶滿意度(du)，是企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)目(mu)前的(de)(de)緊迫任務(wu)，要(yao)么重構(gou)，要(yao)么被淘汰，企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)已經站在精(jing)細供應鏈管理的(de)(de)十字路口。日本(ben)豐田(tian)(tian)(tian)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)總(zong)(zong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)與零(ling)(ling)(ling)部(bu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)家(jia)之間(jian)的(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)距(ju)(ju)離(li)為(wei)(wei)95.3km，日產汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)總(zong)(zong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)與零(ling)(ling)(ling)部(bu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)距(ju)(ju)離(li)為(wei)(wei)183.3km，克萊斯勒公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)為(wei)(wei)875.3km，福(fu)特公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)為(wei)(wei)818.8km，通(tong)(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)為(wei)(wei)687.2km。從(cong)各大汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)總(zong)(zong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)到各零(ling)(ling)(ling)部(bu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)距(ju)(ju)離(li)可以(yi)看出，合理的(de)(de)布(bu)局起著十分(fen)(fen)重要(yao)的(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)。豐田(tian)(tian)(tian)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)這(zhe)種平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)距(ju)(ju)離(li)近的(de)(de)優勢，充(chong)分(fen)(fen)地(di)轉化為(wei)(wei)管理上(shang)的(de)(de)優勢。該公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)的(de)(de)零(ling)(ling)(ling)部(bu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)家(jia)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)每(mei)(mei)天(tian)向總(zong)(zong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)發(fa)運零(ling)(ling)(ling)部(bu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)8次(ci)(ci)以(yi)上(shang)，每(mei)(mei)周平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)42次(ci)(ci)。美(mei)國通(tong)(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)零(ling)(ling)(ling)部(bu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)發(fa)運頻(pin)(pin)率僅(jin)為(wei)(wei)每(mei)(mei)天(tian)1.5 次(ci)(ci)，每(mei)(mei)周平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)為(wei)(wei)7.5次(ci)(ci)。顯然，日本(ben)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)的(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)存貨成(cheng)本(ben)要(yao)低于美(mei)國汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)。由于豐田(tian)(tian)(tian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)的(de)(de)零(ling)(ling)(ling)部(bu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)協(xie)(xie)作企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)離(li)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)總(zong)(zong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)相距(ju)(ju)較近，這(zhe)給各企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)管理人(ren)(ren)員、工(gong)程技術人(ren)(ren)員之間(jian)的(de)(de)相互溝(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)帶來(lai)便利(li)。豐田(tian)(tian)(tian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)總(zong)(zong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)與零(ling)(ling)(ling)部(bu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)人(ren)(ren)員年平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)面對面的(de)(de)溝(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)次(ci)(ci)數為(wei)(wei)7236人(ren)(ren)/天(tian)，通(tong)(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)為(wei)(wei)1107人(ren)(ren)/天(tian)。豐田(tian)(tian)(tian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)這(zhe)種頻(pin)(pin)繁的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)員交流為(wei)(wei)總(zong)(zong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)和(he)零(ling)(ling)(ling)部(bu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)充(chong)分(fen)(fen)溝(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)協(xie)(xie)作打造了條件(jian)(jian)(jian)，便于雙方(fang)解決在新車(che)(che)(che)型開發(fa)、技術改造和(he)生產中遇到的(de)(de)問題，從(cong)而加快新產品(pin)開發(fa)、提(ti)(ti)高產品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)，并降低經營成(cheng)本(ben)。

當(dang)運貨(huo)卡(ka)車(che)(che)還(huan)未(wei)到達工(gong)廠(chang)大門(men)之前，安裝在車(che)(che)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)基于衛星(xing)全(quan)球定位技術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)移動數據終端，很快將(jiang)卡(ka)車(che)(che)即(ji)將(jiang)到來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)息傳遞到工(gong)廠(chang)的(de)(de)(de)計算(suan)機(ji)系統(tong)，同時(shi)(shi)下載指令(ling)指引司機(ji)到正(zheng)確的(de)(de)(de)卸貨(huo)區。當(dang)卡(ka)車(che)(che)駛(shi)入工(gong)廠(chang)大門(men)時(shi)(shi)，計算(suan)機(ji)系統(tong)自動記錄(lu)下所裝貨(huo)物的(de)(de)(de)品種和數量，并(bing)使得零部件恰巧在需要時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)前幾分鐘就到達裝配線上(shang)……豐田(tian)汽車(che)(che)還(huan)通(tong)過信息的(de)(de)(de)實時(shi)(shi)溝通(tong)，實現了零庫存的(de)(de)(de)目標。

精細供(gong)應鏈管理打(da)造(zao)了(le)豐田汽(qi)車行(xing)業的神話。

案例二(er)：中(zhong)國石油電子(zi)商務

石油石化企(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)物(wu)資(zi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)管(guan)(guan)理(li)體(ti)制形(xing)成(cheng)于計劃經(jing)濟(ji)時代(dai)，采(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)管(guan)(guan)理(li)存在(zai)(zai)4個方面的(de)不合(he)理(li)：首先是物(wu)資(zi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)業(ye)(ye)務流(liu)(liu)程(cheng)被拉長，環節增多(duo)，效率低下，為中(zhong)間商(shang)(shang)層層加價(jia)、從中(zhong)牟(mou)利(li)打(da)造(zao)了條(tiao)件；其(qi)次(ci)，同類物(wu)資(zi)由(you)(you)各地區公(gong)司自(zi)行采(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)，不能(neng)形(xing)成(cheng)批量優勢(shi)，被供應(ying)商(shang)(shang)各個擊破，造(zao)成(cheng)效益流(liu)(liu)失，在(zai)(zai)進口(kou)物(wu)資(zi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)中(zhong)，國際市場(chang)(chang)上少數占據主導地位的(de)供應(ying)商(shang)(shang)在(zai)(zai)應(ying)對中(zhong)國石油各地區公(gong)司時，往往結成(cheng)價(jia)格(ge)同盟，抬(tai)高價(jia)格(ge)；再次(ci)，在(zai)(zai)買方市場(chang)(chang)中(zhong)，由(you)(you)于供應(ying)商(shang)(shang)各種銷售手段無(wu)所不用其(qi)極(ji)，采(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)中(zhong)容易造(zao)成(cheng)暗(an)箱操作，產(chan)生(sheng)腐(fu)敗；同時，石油石化物(wu)資(zi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)往往數量大(da)，動輒數千萬(wan)元、數億元乃至十多(duo)億元的(de)資(zi)金占用，如采(cai)(cai)(cai)用傳統方式采(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)，資(zi)金周轉緩慢，效率低下。因此，運用現代(dai)信息技術，變革物(wu)資(zi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)管(guan)(guan)理(li)體(ti)制和業(ye)(ye)務流(liu)(liu)程(cheng)，達到降低成(cheng)本,提高公(gong)司整體(ti)效益，進而(er)提高公(gong)司價(jia)值的(de)目的(de)，是中(zhong)國石油的(de)內在(zai)(zai)需求。

建立電(dian)子(zi)商(shang)務(wu)網站，通過電(dian)子(zi)商(shang)務(wu)整(zheng)合(he)內部物(wu)(wu)資采購與(yu)產(chan)(chan)品銷售業務(wu)，對提升整(zheng)個中國(guo)(guo)石(shi)油(you)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理水(shui)平也有(you)著重要意(yi)義。首(shou)先(xian)，作為(wei)一家脫胎(tai)于傳統國(guo)(guo)有(you)企業的(de)(de)(de)(de)上市(shi)公(gong)司(si)，中國(guo)(guo)石(shi)油(you)需要引(yin)入(ru)大(da)石(shi)油(you)公(gong)司(si)通行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理理念和(he)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理方法，以此提高公(gong)司(si)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理水(shui)平，而此時，知(zhi)名的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)石(shi)油(you)公(gong)司(si)普遍采用(yong)了電(dian)子(zi)商(shang)務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)手(shou)段，對其采購和(he)銷售業務(wu)進(jin)行(xing)更有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理，收(shou)到了良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)效果(guo)；其次，中國(guo)(guo)石(shi)油(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)油(you)氣操作成本(ben)(ben)(ben)要降(jiang)下來，采用(yong)傳統手(shou)段，在(zai)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)領(ling)域(yu)里降(jiang)低成本(ben)(ben)(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)難度越(yue)(yue)來越(yue)(yue)大(da)，需要找到降(jiang)低成本(ben)(ben)(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)新途(tu)徑，而電(dian)子(zi)商(shang)務(wu)可(ke)以有(you)效地整(zheng)合(he)物(wu)(wu)資采購與(yu)產(chan)(chan)品銷售業務(wu)，改(gai)造管(guan)(guan)(guan)理和(he)運(yun)行(xing)流程(cheng)，減少(shao)中間環(huan)節(jie)，堵塞(sai)漏洞(dong)，在(zai)采購中享受批量優惠，從(cong)而達到節(jie)約成本(ben)(ben)(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)；第三，中國(guo)(guo)石(shi)油(you)首(shou)先(xian)在(zai)石(shi)油(you)行(xing)業開展電(dian)子(zi)商(shang)務(wu)，在(zai)業務(wu)計劃、選擇戰略合(he)作伙(huo)伴(ban)等方面首(shou)先(xian)完成，能夠(gou)搶占行(xing)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)場先(xian)機。

建(jian)設中國特色的供應鏈信(xin)息處理通用平臺、實現供應鏈的電子(zi)商務化，關(guan)鍵(jian)是企業在(zai)轉(zhuan)變傳統管理和經營理念(nian)的基礎上，必(bi)須在(zai)流(liu)通領(ling)域(yu)及(ji)其相關(guan)領(ling)域(yu)切實做到信(xin)息資源(yuan)共享。